DISINFORMATION TRENDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES ON INDONESIA, MYANMAR, AND THE PHILIPPINES
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Jun 30, 2020
Keywords:
Southeast Asia disinformation communication social media democracy
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Abstract
The past decade saw a changing political landscape in Southeast Asia. From a promising turn towards democracy, marked by episodes of backsliding and authoritarian tendencies, and recently threats of democratic regression and political decay in most parts of the region, have dominated current discourse. Central to these changes is the evolution of information and communications technology, and the ubiquity of social media platforms as sources of news and information, as well as shaping public opinion. The paper looks into three cases in Southeast Asia: online hate along ethnic lines in Myanmar; Duterte populism and broad forms of disinformation in the Philippines; and increasing fake news and online radical Islamism in Indonesia. Trends, common areas of concern, and possible patterns would be gleaned from the case studies; and from there, distil prospects for engagement and better approaches against the growing concern for disinformation in the region. The research recommends that a more concerted and inclusive regional approach would help turn the tide against an increasingly deceived public.
Keywords: Southeast Asia, disinformation, social media, democracy
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Kushin, Matthew J. and Kelin Kitchener. (2009) “Getting political on social network sites: exploring online political discourse on Facebook.” First Monday (Peer-reviewed journal on the internet). 14-11, 1-15.
Kurlantzick, Joshua. (2014). “Southeast Asia’s Regression From Democracy and Its Implications.” Council on Foreign Relations Working Paper
Lamb, Kate. “Muslim Cyber Army: a 'fake news' operation designed to derail Indonesia's leader.” The Guardian. March 13, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/13/muslim-cyber-army-a-fake-news- operation-designed-to-bring-down-indonesias-leader
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Molaei, Hamideh (2015). “Discursive opportunity structure and the contribution of social media to the success of social movements in Indonesia.” Information, Communication & Society, 18:1, 94-108, DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2014.934388
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Ortiz, Lydia and Patrick Rafanan. “How Facebookʼs Rise Fueled Chaos and Confusion in Myanmar.” Wired.com. June 7, 2018. https://www.wired.com/story/how-facebooks- rise-fueled-chaos-and-confusion-in-myanmar/
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Patten, Steve. (2013). “Assessing the Potential of New Social Media.” Canadian Parliamentary Review. Summer: 21-26
Pertierra, Raul. (2012). “The New Media, Society and Politics in the Philippines.” Fesmedia Asia Series. Berlin, Germany: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung and fesmedia Asia
Quintos- de Jesus, Melinda. "Media in Southeast Asia" speech delivered during the seminar- workshop Media ownership trends: protecting and promoting the diversity of media platforms in Southeast Asia held in Bangkok, Thailand 31 January 2012 http://cmfr-phil.org/inmediasres/melinda-de-jesus/media-in-southeast- asia-2/ accessed 05 July 2016
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Ressa, Maria. “How Facebook algorithms impact democracy.” Rappler. October 8, 2016. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/148536-facebook-algorithms-impact-democracy
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