NASIONALIS ATAU KOMUNALIS: SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN DAN MAHATMA GANDHI DALAM SEJARAH MODEN INDIA
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Abstract
Persoalan komunalisme di India adalah satu persoalan besar yang sukar diatasi. Persoalan ini dapat jejaki lebih kurang seratus tahun sebelum India mencapai kemerdekaan.' Peperangan kemerdekaan India pertama ini,2 dianggap sebagai titik tolak bercambahnya fahaman ini. Pada peperangan tersebut, orang Hindu dan Is-lam dalam pasukan tentera British, bangun memberontak terhadap ketua mereka dan kemudian merebak menjadi satu penentangan massa terhadap penjajah British supaya keluar dari India.' British berjaya menundukkan pemberontakan tersebut, dan selepas itu menyaksikan pemerintahan British di India, bercorak "pecah-perintah" dan secara halus melaga-lagakan antara Hindu dan Muslim. Dengan dasar seperti ini, pemerintahan mereka di India terus berlanjutan hingga 100 tahun kemudian. Walaupun India telah merdeka namun isu-isu komunalisme tidak•segera padam. Komunalisme yang sering membawa pertumpahan darah, merupakan mimpi ngeri bagi sebahagian besar penduduk India yang rata-rata di bawah paras kemiskinan. Akibat daripada komunalisme, rusuhan antara penduduk beragama berlaku dan mengakibatkan kehilangan nyawa, harta benda, persahabatan, hubungan kejiranan, harga din dan hilangnya kepercayaan antara satu sama lain, merentasi pertimbangan waras keturunan dan agama. Walaupun komunalisme dianggap buruk dan tidak beradab, pada realitinya, ia digunakan sebagai senjata bagi menimbulkan kekacauan supaya kepentingan pihak kelas atasan Hindu tidak terganggu gugat. Keadaan menjadi bertambah buruk apabila ia disokong, baik secara langsung ataupun tidak, oleh kuasa politik, pemimpin agama, pemimpin kaum/puak, pemimpin pertubuhan, pemimpin budaya/kesenian termasuk pemimpin politik yang memerintah atau pembangkang. Pada masa BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party =Parti Rakyat India) memerintah India, kekacauan dan pertumpahan darah atas sebab komunal sering berlaku, dan ironisnya ia berlaku di hadapan pihak yang sepatutnya mengawal keselamatan awam, tetapi lebih banyak memerhati daripada mengambil tindakan menyuraikan keganasan. Sebab itu, sesetengah pihak menuduh kerajaan BJP bersekongkol dengan kumpulan pencetus rusuhan yang terdiri daripada sayap pemudanya (Bajrang Dal) dan disokong oleh sayap antarabangsanya (Vishwa Hindu Parishad).
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